Fixed Asset Documentation¶

Overview¶

The Fixed Asset module (account.fixed.asset) manages capital assets and their depreciation over time. This module tracks asset purchases, calculates depreciation using straight-line or declining balance methods, maintains book values, and handles asset lifecycle events including registration, depreciation, disposal, and sale.

Model Information¶

Model Name: account.fixed.asset Display Name: Fixed Asset Name Field: name Key Fields: number (unique asset number) Default Sort Order: number desc

Features¶

✅ Auto-generated asset numbers
✅ Multi-company support
✅ Two depreciation methods (straight-line, declining balance)
✅ Book value calculation
✅ State workflow (pending/registered/disposed/sold)
✅ Tracking category support
✅ Invoice linkage
✅ Document attachments
✅ Stock lot integration
✅ Salvage value support

Key Fields Reference¶

Core Asset Fields¶

Field	Type	Required	Description
`name`	Char	✅	Asset item name
`number`	Char	✅	Unique asset number (auto-generated)
`date_purchase`	Date	❌	Purchase date
`price_purchase`	Decimal(6)	❌	Original purchase price
`type_id`	Many2One	❌	Asset type/category
`fixed_asset_account_id`	Many2One	❌	Fixed asset GL account
`state`	Selection	✅	Asset status

Depreciation Fields¶

Field	Type	Description
`dep_rate`	Decimal(6)	Annual depreciation rate (%)
`dep_method`	Selection	Straight Line or Declining Balance
`accum_dep_account_id`	Many2One	Accumulated depreciation account
`dep_exp_account_id`	Many2One	Depreciation expense account
`salvage_value`	Decimal	Residual value after full depreciation

Computed Fields¶

Field	Type	Description
`book_val`	Decimal	Current book value (purchase - accumulated dep)
`last_dep`	Date	Date of last depreciation

Asset States¶

State	Description	Typical Use
pending	Initial entry	Asset recorded but not yet in service
registered	Active asset	In service, eligible for depreciation
disposed	Disposed	Asset discarded/scrapped
sold	Sold	Asset sold to third party

State Flow¶

pending → registered → disposed
                    → sold
                    ← to_pending (reversal)

Field	Type	Description
`track_id`	Many2One	Tracking category (Track-1)
`invoice_id`	Many2One	Purchase invoice
`lot_id`	Many2One	Stock lot reference
`company_id`	Many2One	Company (multi-company)
`asset_owner`	Char	Asset owner name
`periods`	One2Many	Depreciation period records
`comments`	One2Many	Comments and notes
`documents`	One2Many	Document attachments

API Methods¶

1. Create Fixed Asset¶

Method: create(vals, context)

Creates asset with auto-generated number.

Example:

asset_id = get_model("account.fixed.asset").create({
    "name": "Dell Laptop XPS 15",
    "date_purchase": "2025-01-15",
    "price_purchase": 50000.00,
    "type_id": computer_type_id,
    "fixed_asset_account_id": asset_account_id,
    "dep_rate": 20.0,  # 20% per year
    "dep_method": "line",
    "accum_dep_account_id": accum_dep_account_id,
    "dep_exp_account_id": dep_exp_account_id,
    "track_id": it_dept_id
})

2. Register Asset¶

Method: do_register(ids, context)

Activates asset for depreciation.

Behavior: 1. Validates state is "pending" 2. Changes state to "registered" 3. Asset becomes eligible for depreciation

Example:

get_model("account.fixed.asset").do_register([asset_id])
# Asset now active and can be deprecated

3. Return to Pending¶

Method: to_pending(ids, context)

Reverts asset to pending state.

Example:

get_model("account.fixed.asset").to_pending([asset_id])
# Asset returns to pending, stops depreciation

4. Calculate Book Value¶

Method: _get_book_val(ids, context) (computed field)

Calculates current book value and last depreciation date.

Formula:

Book Value = Purchase Price - Sum(Depreciation Periods)

For disposed/sold assets: Book value = 0

Context Parameters: - date: Calculate book value as of specific date

Returns:

{
    asset_id: {
        "book_val": 40000.00,
        "last_dep": "2025-12-31"
    }
}

5. Get Daily Depreciation Rate¶

Method: get_daily_rate(ids, date_from, context)

Calculates daily depreciation rate based on method.

Straight-Line Method:

year_rate = (purchase_price - salvage_value) * dep_rate / 100
day_rate = year_rate / days_in_year

Declining Balance Method:

# Rate decreases each year based on remaining book value
year_rate = current_book_value * dep_rate / 100
day_rate = year_rate / days_in_year

Example:

asset = get_model("account.fixed.asset").browse([asset_id])[0]
daily_rate = asset.get_daily_rate("2025-01-15")
print(f"Daily depreciation: ${daily_rate:.2f}")

6. Depreciate Asset¶

Method: depreciate(ids, date_to, context)

Calculates and records depreciation up to specified date.

Behavior: 1. Validates asset is "registered" 2. Calculates depreciation from last_dep (or purchase date) to date_to 3. Creates monthly depreciation periods 4. Generates journal entries 5. Updates book value

Journal Entry Created:

Dr  Depreciation Expense     X,XXX
    Cr  Accumulated Depreciation     X,XXX

Example:

# Depreciate to end of month
get_model("account.fixed.asset").depreciate(
    [asset_id],
    "2025-01-31"
)

Batch Depreciation:

# Depreciate all registered assets
asset_ids = get_model("account.fixed.asset").search([
    ["state", "=", "registered"]
])
get_model("account.fixed.asset").depreciate(
    asset_ids,
    "2025-01-31"
)

7. Copy Asset¶

Method: copy(ids, context)

Duplicates asset as new pending asset.

Example:

result = get_model("account.fixed.asset").copy([asset_id])
# Returns navigation to new asset form

8. On Change Type¶

Method: onchange_type(context)

Auto-fills depreciation settings from asset type.

Behavior: When asset type is selected, automatically populates: - Fixed asset account - Depreciation rate - Depreciation method - Accumulated depreciation account - Depreciation expense account

Common Use Cases¶

Use Case 1: Purchase and Register Asset¶

# 1. Create asset
asset_id = get_model("account.fixed.asset").create({
    "name": "Toyota Camry 2025",
    "date_purchase": "2025-01-15",
    "price_purchase": 800000.00,
    "type_id": vehicle_type_id,
    "dep_rate": 20.0,
    "dep_method": "line",
    "track_id": sales_dept_id,
    "invoice_id": purchase_invoice_id
})

# 2. Register for depreciation
get_model("account.fixed.asset").do_register([asset_id])

print("✓ Asset registered and ready for depreciation")

Use Case 2: Monthly Depreciation Run¶

from datetime import date
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

# Get last day of current month
today = date.today()
last_day = (today + relativedelta(day=31)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

# Find all registered assets
asset_ids = get_model("account.fixed.asset").search([
    ["state", "=", "registered"]
])

# Run depreciation
get_model("account.fixed.asset").depreciate(asset_ids, last_day)

print(f"✓ Depreciated {len(asset_ids)} assets to {last_day}")

Use Case 3: Asset Register Report¶

# Generate asset register with book values
assets = get_model("account.fixed.asset").search_browse([
    ["state", "in", ["registered", "disposed", "sold"]]
], order="type_id,number")

print("ASSET REGISTER")
print("=" * 100)
print(f"{'Number':15} {'Name':30} {'Type':20} {'Purchase':>12} {'Book Val':>12} {'Status':10}")
print("-" * 100)

total_purchase = 0
total_book_val = 0

for asset in assets:
    type_name = asset.type_id.name if asset.type_id else "N/A"
    total_purchase += asset.price_purchase or 0
    total_book_val += asset.book_val or 0

    print(f"{asset.number:15} {asset.name[:30]:30} {type_name[:20]:20} "
          f"${asset.price_purchase or 0:>11,.2f} ${asset.book_val or 0:>11,.2f} "
          f"{asset.state:10}")

print("=" * 100)
print(f"Totals: {' ' * 65} ${total_purchase:>11,.2f} ${total_book_val:>11,.2f}")

Use Case 4: Straight-Line Depreciation¶

# Asset with 5-year life (20% per year)
asset_id = get_model("account.fixed.asset").create({
    "name": "Office Furniture Set",
    "date_purchase": "2025-01-01",
    "price_purchase": 100000.00,
    "dep_rate": 20.0,  # 20% annual
    "dep_method": "line",  # Straight-line
    "salvage_value": 10000.00,  # Residual value
    "type_id": furniture_type_id
})

get_model("account.fixed.asset").do_register([asset_id])

# Annual depreciation = (100,000 - 10,000) * 20% = 18,000
# After 5 years: Book value = 10,000 (salvage value)

Use Case 5: Declining Balance Depreciation¶

# Asset with accelerated depreciation
asset_id = get_model("account.fixed.asset").create({
    "name": "Manufacturing Equipment",
    "date_purchase": "2025-01-01",
    "price_purchase": 500000.00,
    "dep_rate": 30.0,  # 30% annual
    "dep_method": "decline",  # Declining balance
    "type_id": machinery_type_id
})

get_model("account.fixed.asset").do_register([asset_id])

# Year 1: 500,000 * 30% = 150,000 → Book value: 350,000
# Year 2: 350,000 * 30% = 105,000 → Book value: 245,000
# Year 3: 245,000 * 30% =  73,500 → Book value: 171,500
# Depreciation decreases each year

Use Case 6: Asset with Tracking¶

# Track asset by department and project
asset_id = get_model("account.fixed.asset").create({
    "name": "Project Server",
    "date_purchase": "2025-01-15",
    "price_purchase": 200000.00,
    "type_id": computer_type_id,
    "dep_rate": 33.33,  # 3-year life
    "dep_method": "line",
    "track_id": it_dept_id,  # Department tracking
    "asset_owner": "IT Department"
})

# Depreciation expense will be tracked to IT department

Use Case 7: Link Asset to Purchase Invoice¶

# Create invoice for asset purchase
invoice_id = get_model("account.invoice").create({
    "type": "in",
    "contact_id": supplier_id,
    "date": "2025-01-15",
    "lines": [
        ("create", {
            "product_id": laptop_product_id,
            "qty": 1,
            "unit_price": 50000.00,
            "account_id": asset_account_id
        })
    ]
})

get_model("account.invoice").post([invoice_id])

# Create linked asset
asset_id = get_model("account.fixed.asset").create({
    "name": "Dell Laptop",
    "date_purchase": "2025-01-15",
    "price_purchase": 50000.00,
    "invoice_id": invoice_id,  # Link to invoice
    "type_id": computer_type_id
})

Best Practices¶

1. Use Asset Types for Consistency¶

# Good: Use asset type to auto-fill settings
{
    "type_id": computer_type_id
    # Automatically fills accounts, rates, method
}

# Avoid: Manual entry prone to errors
{
    "dep_rate": 20.0,
    "dep_method": "line",
    "accum_dep_account_id": 123,
    # Risk of inconsistent settings
}

2. Register Assets Promptly¶

# Register when asset is placed in service
# Don't leave in "pending" indefinitely
get_model("account.fixed.asset").do_register([asset_id])

3. Run Depreciation Consistently¶

# Best practice: Monthly depreciation at month-end
# Automate with scheduled job

from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

def monthly_depreciation():
    # Last day of previous month
    today = date.today()
    last_month_end = (today.replace(day=1) - timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

    asset_ids = get_model("account.fixed.asset").search([
        ["state", "=", "registered"]
    ])

    get_model("account.fixed.asset").depreciate(asset_ids, last_month_end)

4. Set Salvage Values When Appropriate¶

# For assets with residual value
{
    "price_purchase": 100000.00,
    "salvage_value": 10000.00,
    "dep_method": "line"
}
# Depreciates 90,000 over asset life

5. Track Assets by Department¶

# Use tracking for departmental allocation
{
    "track_id": department_id
}
# Depreciation expense allocated to department

Depreciation Methods Explained¶

Straight-Line Method¶

When to Use: - Standard depreciation for most assets - Even expense allocation over asset life - Simple and predictable

Calculation:

Annual Depreciation = (Purchase Price - Salvage Value) × Rate%
Monthly Depreciation = Annual Depreciation ÷ 12

Example: - Purchase: $120,000 - Salvage: $20,000 - Rate: 20% (5-year life) - Annual Dep: ($120,000 - $20,000) × 20% = $20,000 - Monthly Dep: $20,000 ÷ 12 = $1,667

Declining Balance Method¶

When to Use: - Technology assets (rapid obsolescence) - Vehicles (higher depreciation early) - Tax advantage for accelerated depreciation

Calculation:

Year 1: Book Value × Rate%
Year 2: (Book Value - Year 1 Dep) × Rate%
Year 3: (Book Value - Year 1&2 Dep) × Rate%

Example: - Purchase: $120,000 - Rate: 30% - Year 1: $120,000 × 30% = $36,000 - Year 2: $84,000 × 30% = $25,200 - Year 3: $58,800 × 30% = $17,640

Database Constraints¶

Unique Constraint¶

number: Asset number must be unique

Delete Restrictions¶

Cannot delete assets with depreciation periods
Delete periods first, then asset

Model	Relationship	Description
`account.fixed.asset.type`	Many2One	Asset type/category
`account.fixed.asset.period`	One2Many	Depreciation periods
`account.account`	Many2One	Asset/depreciation accounts
`account.invoice`	Many2One	Purchase invoice
`account.track.categ`	Many2One	Tracking category
`stock.lot`	Many2One	Stock lot reference
`company`	Many2One	Multi-company support

Version History¶

Last Updated: 2025-12-16 Model Version: account_fixed_asset.py Framework: Netforce

Additional Resources¶

Asset Type Documentation: account.fixed.asset.type
Depreciation Period Documentation: account.fixed.asset.period
Depreciation Wizard Documentation: account.fixed.asset.depreciation
Disposal Wizard Documentation: account.fixed.asset.dispose
Sale Wizard Documentation: account.fixed.asset.sell

This documentation is generated for developer onboarding and reference purposes.

Fixed Asset Documentation¶

Overview¶

Model Information¶

Features¶

Key Fields Reference¶

Core Asset Fields¶

Depreciation Fields¶

Computed Fields¶

Asset States¶

State Flow¶

Related Fields¶

API Methods¶

1. Create Fixed Asset¶

2. Register Asset¶

3. Return to Pending¶

4. Calculate Book Value¶

5. Get Daily Depreciation Rate¶

6. Depreciate Asset¶

7. Copy Asset¶

8. On Change Type¶

Common Use Cases¶

Use Case 1: Purchase and Register Asset¶

Use Case 2: Monthly Depreciation Run¶

Use Case 3: Asset Register Report¶

Use Case 4: Straight-Line Depreciation¶

Use Case 5: Declining Balance Depreciation¶

Use Case 6: Asset with Tracking¶

Use Case 7: Link Asset to Purchase Invoice¶

Best Practices¶

1. Use Asset Types for Consistency¶

2. Register Assets Promptly¶

3. Run Depreciation Consistently¶

4. Set Salvage Values When Appropriate¶

5. Track Assets by Department¶

Depreciation Methods Explained¶

Straight-Line Method¶

Declining Balance Method¶

Database Constraints¶

Unique Constraint¶

Delete Restrictions¶

Related Models¶

Version History¶

Additional Resources¶